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Equalizer Overview
The figure below shows the connection establishment and server failover mechanism.
For Layer 7 clusters, the connection must be established within the connect_timeout. If we receive an active
refusal (RST) from a server, we will repeat the load balancing process and choose another server. Otherwise we
will continue trying to connect to the same server until the connect timeout expires.
Fore Layer 4 clusters, the connection must be established within the stale_timeout. Here, Equalizer retries the
same server 3 times, and then chooses another server on the 4th attempt. If Equalizer receives an active refusal
(RST) from a server, the connection is dropped.
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Copyright © 2013 Coyote Point Systems. A subsidiary of Fortinet, Inc.
- Equalizer 1
- Administration Guide 1
- Table of Contents 3
- Upgrading and Downgrading 57 4
- Licensing Equalizer 67 4
- Configuring Access 73 4
- Network Configuration 77 4
- Working in the CLI 127 5
- Using the GUI 191 7
- Servers 243 8
- Clusters 259 9
- Match Rules 317 10
- Logging 399 13
- Failover 423 13
- Alerts 483 14
- Using SNMP Traps 493 14
- User and Group Management 499 15
- Using Envoy 513 15
- Glossary 577 17
- Chapter 1 19
- Introduction 19
- Chapter Summary 20
- Using the WebHelp 22
- Glossary 24
- Server pools 25
- Typographical Conventions 26
- Where to Go for More Help 27
- Chapter 2 29
- Equalizer Overview 29
- About Equalizer 30
- Intelligent Load Balancing 30
- Load Balancing Configuration 31
- How a Server is Selected 33
- Server Selection Process Flow 35
- Persistence 37
- Geographic Load Balancing 39
- Sizing of Equalizer Objects 40
- Chapter 3 41
- Installation 41
- Warnings and Precautions 42
- Power Requirements 43
- Power Consumption 43
- Operating Environment 45
- Regulatory Certification 45
- Hardware Installation 46
- Chapter 4 49
- Chapter 5 57
- Upgrading and Downgrading 57
- Version 8.6 Upgrade Procedure 58
- Downgrading to Version 8.6 62
- Chapter 6 67
- Licensing Equalizer 67
- Removing Licenses 69
- Chapter 7 73
- Configuring Access 73
- Default Login 74
- Creating Additional Logins 74
- Serial Access 74
- Network Access 74
- VLAN Subnet Network Services 75
- Chapter 8 77
- Networking Conventions 78
- Networking Technologies 78
- Blank Configuration 82
- Single VLAN/Subnet 82
- Rules 4 and 5 84
- Dual VLAN/Network 85
- Rules 5 and 6 86
- Networks 95
- Configuring VLANs 100
- All Rights Reserved 101
- Configuring Subnets 103
- About Permitted Subnets 104
- Configuring Outbound NAT 105
- Managing Interface Ports 107
- Network Configuration 108
- Displaying Port Statistics 109
- Policy Routing 110
- Source Selection 113
- Source Routing Scenarios 115
- Source, Destination Specified 119
- Generated by Equalizer 120
- Enabling DNS 121
- Configuring NTP 121
- NTP and Plotting 122
- Default NTP Configuration 122
- Selecting an NTP Server 122
- Managing NTP 123
- Default Source Selection 124
- Source Routing Table 124
- IP Filter Rules 124
- Network Troubleshooting Tools 126
- Chapter 9 127
- Working in the CLI 127
- Starting the CLI 128
- Exiting the CLI 129
- Object Relationships 132
- Command Line Editing 133
- Enabling and Disabling Flags 134
- Queued Commands 137
- Context Help 138
- Global Parameters 139
- Context Command Summaries 140
- Global Commands 141
- Licensing Commands 143
- Certificate Commands 144
- Cluster Flags 150
- External Services Commands 155
- GeoCluster Context Commands 156
- Geosite Instance Flags 157
- GeoSite Commands 159
- Interface Commands 160
- TransmitCounters 161
- Receive Counters 161
- Object List Commands 163
- Peer Commands 164
- Peer Context Commands 165
- Peer Context Command Flags 165
- Responder Commands 166
- (quotes are optional) 167
- Server Commands 168
- Server Instance Flags 171
- Health Check Instance Flags 172
- Load Balancing Policies 173
- Aggressive Load Balancing 175
- Dynamic Weight Oscillations 175
- SNMP Commands 176
- Enabling SNMP (CLI) 177
- 172net:Default 178
- Tunnel Commands 179
- User Commands 180
- User-alertContext Commands 181
- User Alert Notify Type Flags 181
- User Flags 182
- Setting the Locale 182
- Creating a User 182
- Deleting a User 183
- User Passwords 183
- User Permissions 183
- Displaying User Information 185
- VLAN and Subnet Commands 186
- VLAN Subnet Flags 187
- VLAN and Subnet Command Notes 188
- VLAN Subnets 189
- VLAN IP Addresses 189
- VLAN Services 189
- Routing Between VLANs 189
- Chapter 11 191
- Using the GUI 191
- Logging In 192
- 1. Left Navigational Pane 193
- 2. Help Buttons/Options 195
- Global Settings 196
- Failover Section 197
- Global Service Settings Flags 198
- MIB Compliance 200
- Certificates 201
- Certificate Revocation Lists 202
- Events Log 205
- Export to CSV 206
- Filtering Status Details 206
- Remote Syslog 206
- External Services 207
- VLB Manager 208
- Maintenance 210
- Licensing 211
- Manage Software 211
- Current Boot Image 212
- EQ/OS Release Status 212
- Interfaces 215
- Modifying Port Settings 217
- Reporting 220
- Chapter 12 223
- Configuring an IPv6 Tunnel 223
- IPv6 Tunnel Overview 224
- Chapter 13 229
- Managing Server Pools 230
- Server Pool Summary (GUI) 233
- Adding Server Instances(GUI) 236
- Adding Server Instances (CLI) 239
- > context 240
- Deleting a Server Pool (GUI) 241
- Deleting a Server Pool (CLI) 242
- Chapter 14 243
- Spoof Controls SNAT 245
- How Spoof Influences Routing 245
- Managing Servers 246
- Layer 7 HTTPS 247
- "Maximum Connections 248
- Adding a Server (CLI) 249
- Modifying a Server (CLI) 249
- Server Summary Screen 250
- Server Software Configuration 250
- Adding a Server to a Cluster 251
- Processing 255
- Deleting a Server 257
- Chapter 15 259
- Clusters 259
- Cluster Connection Timeouts 261
- Layer 4 Connection Timeouts 265
- Application Server Timeouts 266
- Adding and Deleting Clusters 267
- Cluster Summary 270
- Customizing the Display 271
- "Configuring 274
- TCP Cluster Persistence 275
- TCP Cluster Timeouts 276
- Layer 7 TCP Cluster Settings 288
- Persistence Methods 291
- Cookie Parameters 292
- Source IP Parameters 293
- Layer 7 Cluster Reporting 296
- Server Name Indication 299
- Security > 300
- About Passive FTP Translation 303
- Enabling Sticky Connections 303
- HTTPS Header Injection 309
- FTP Cluster Configuration 311
- Chapter 16 317
- Match Rules 317
- Using Match Rules 318
- How Match Rules are Processed 319
- Match Rule Order 319
- Match Rule Expressions 321
- Match Bodies 323
- Match Rule Functions 324
- Match Rule Operators 327
- Match Rule Definitions 327
- /var/eq/eq.conf 328
- Match Rule Expression Notes 329
- Regular Expressions 330
- Supported Headers 330
- HTTPS Protocol Matching 331
- Supported Characters in URIs 331
- Managing Match Rules 332
- Creating a New Match Rule 333
- Modifying a Match Rule 336
- Removing a Match Rule 336
- Example Match Rules 337
- Selective SNAT Example 340
- Add Match Rule form 342
- Chapter 17 347
- Automatic Cluster Responders 347
- Overview 348
- Managing Responders 348
- Modifying a Responder 350
- More Responder Examples 356
- Responders and Hot Spares 356
- Chapter 18 359
- HTTP Multiplexing 360
- Outbound NAT 362
- Direct Server Return (DSR) 363
- /etc/sysctl: 366
- Chapter 19 369
- Server Health Check Probes 369
- Layer 3 ICMP Probes 370
- Requests 371
- L4 UDP Probes 372
- L4 TCP/IP Probes 373
- Enabling/Disabling ACV Probes 374
- Testing ACV Probes 375
- Simple Health Check Probes 378
- Server Agents 382
- Sample Server Agent 383
- VLB Health Check Probes 384
- Configure VLB Managers 386
- Add health checks 388
- Add Health Checks 392
- Health Check Timeouts 394
- Chapter 20 399
- Displaying Logs 400
- Remote System Logging 400
- Chapter 21 403
- CLI Term GUITerm Definition 405
- Statistics pane on the 409
- (CLI and GUI) 410
- Reporting tab to display 416
- Server Statistic Definitions 417
- Chapter 22 423
- Failover 423
- Understanding Failover 424
- Both Units Using EQ/OS 10 425
- Active/Passive Failover 432
- Active/Active Failover 432
- Failover Modes 433
- Failover Status display: 434
- Global Failover Parameters: 437
- Between Two EQ/OS 10 Systems 439
- 172net is displayed 442
- Perform Steps 1 and 2 on 443
- Equalizers 443
- Perform Step 3 on the 444
- Perform Steps 4 and 5 on the 445
- Perform Step 6 on the 446
- Perform Step 7 on 447
- Failover flag 451
- Perform Steps 7 on 453
- Failover is not configured.: 455
- Two EQ/OS 10 Systems 456
- Primary Equalizer 457
- Backup Equalizer 457
- 10 Systems 460
- Configuration 461
- Monitoring N+1 Failover 462
- Rebalancing 466
- Eq-B and Eq-C: 468
- Eq-A and Eq-B: 470
- Eq-A or Eq-B 470
- Eq-A, Eq-C, and Eq-D: 480
- Chapter 23 483
- Overview of Alerts 484
- Alert Object Names 484
- Alert Types and Object Types 484
- Alert Notification Types 485
- Configuring Alerts 486
- Configuring Alerts in the CLI 487
- Alert Parameters 488
- Server Instance Alerts 488
- Server Alerts 488
- AlertNotifications 489
- Displaying Notifications 490
- Setting the Interval 491
- Removing Notification Alerts 491
- Chapter 24 493
- Using SNMP Traps 493
- Setting Up SNMP Traps 494
- Enabling SNMP 495
- Enabling SNMP Traps 497
- Chapter 25 499
- User and Group Management 499
- Practices 500
- Object Permission Types 500
- Administrative Setup 507
- Chapter 26 513
- Using Envoy 513
- Balancing 514
- DNSConfiguration 515
- Using Envoy with NAT Devices 517
- Configuring GeoClusters 518
- Adding a GeoCluster (GUI) 521
- Deleting a GeoCluster (GUI) 522
- Adding a GeoCluster (CLI) 522
- Deleting a GeoCluster (CLI) 522
- Configuring GeoSites 526
- Adding a GeoSite (GUI) 527
- Deleting a GeoSite (GUI) 528
- Adding a GeoSite (CLI) 528
- Deleting GeoSite (CLI) 528
- GeoSite Instance Parameters 528
- Resources 534
- Name a GeoSite Resource (GUI) 536
- Name a GeoSite Resource (CLI) 537
- Chapter 27 541
- Backup and Restore 541
- Backup (GUI) 542
- Backup (CLI) 543
- Restore (GUI) 544
- Restore (CLI) 545
- Chapter 28 547
- Regular Expression Terms 548
- Learning About Atoms 548
- Creating a Bracket Expression 549
- Appendix A 553
- Physical Dimensions 553
- Appendix B 555
- Using the File Editor 555
- Editing Files 556
- Main and Submenu Commands 557
- Appendix C 559
- Conversion Process 560
- _000 and _001 561
- Migration Process 562
- Appendix D 567
- Equalizer OnDemand 567
- What is Equalizer OnDemand? 568
- OnDemand 570
- Licensing Equalizer OnDemand 573
- Upgrading Equalizer OnDemand 575
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